This clever loop relies on Twilight Shepherd entering and dying in an infinite cycle, fueled by Phantom Train acting as the sacrifice outlet. Each time Twilight Shepherd succumbs, its persist ability brings it back bearing a -1/+1 counter, but Hardened Academic instantly counters this drawback by placing a +1/+1 counter on it whenever a card leaves your graveyard—which happens the moment Twilight Shepherd resurrects! These two opposing counters annihilate each other through state-based actions, leaving the Shepherd perpetually fresh, ready to be fed back into Phantom Train for infinite deaths, sacrifice triggers, and creature arrivals.