Cast the Dwarf with mana value 1 that's in your hand by paying its mana cost.
When the Dwarf enters, Cloudstone Curio and Thorin trigger.
Resolve the Cloudstone Curio trigger, returning the other Dwarf with mana value 1 from the battlefield to your hand.
Resolve the Thorin trigger, creating a Treasure token.
Activate the Treasure by tapping and sacrificing it, adding .
Repeat.
This ingenious loop relies on a pair of low-cost Dwarves—specifically Dwarven Scorcher and Dwarven Armorer—bouncing back and forth to your hand using Cloudstone Curio's nonartifact permanent trigger. As each Dwarf enters the battlefield, Thorin, King of Durin's Folk triggers to generate a Treasure token, which you can immediately sacrifice for red mana to recast your bouncing Dwarf. While Dwarven Scorcher and Dwarven Armorer themselves aren't casting the spells in the written steps, their presence as cheap, interchangeable Dwarves is what makes the endless cycle possible.