This infinite loop relies on a clever counter-neutralizing interaction centered around Gravelgill Axeshark and its persist ability. When you sacrifice the Axeshark to Ashnod's Altar, it returns to the battlefield with a -1/-1 counter, but the moment it leaves your graveyard, Thran Vigil triggers to place a +1/+1 counter on it; state-based actions then cause the +1/+1 and -1/+1 counters to annihilate each other, resetting the Axeshark so persist can trigger all over again. Meanwhile, the Altar turns every iteration of this cycle into a steady stream of colorless mana and death triggers, letting you fuel massive spells or drain your opponents endlessly.