When Marina Vendrell's Grimoire enters the battlefield, its first ability triggers, causing you to draw five cards.
Sheoldred's first ability triggers five times.
Resolve the first Sheoldred trigger, causing you to gain 2 life.
Marina Vendrell's Grimoire's second ability triggers, causing you to draw two cards.
Sheoldred's first ability triggers twice.
Repeat from step 4.
When you cast Marina Vendrell's Grimoire, its enter-the-battlefield trigger sets the entire engine into motion by forcing you to draw five cards. This initial burst immediately awakens Sheoldred, the Apocalypse, whose passive ability turns every single one of those draws into a 2-life gain. In turn, Marina Vendrell's Grimoire catches that lifegain and triggers to draw you two more cards, looping back into Sheoldred, the Apocalypse to create a near-infinite cascade of life and cards.