Activate Altar of Dementia by sacrificing Putrid Goblin
When Putrid Goblin dies, its persist ability triggers, returning it from your graveyard to the battlefield with a -1/-1 counter on it.
When Putrid Goblin enters, Stalwart Successor triggers, putting a +1/+1 counter on Putrid Goblin
Resolve the Altar of Dementia ability.
Repeat.
This clever little loop relies on an ongoing counter-balancing act to grind your opponents down to nothing. When you feed Putrid Goblin to Altar of Dementia, its persist ability normally brings it right back with a -1/-1 counter, which would normally shut down further resurrections. However, Stalwart Successor steps in as the key enabler, turning that entry into an opportunity to place a +1/+1 counter instead the first time counters are put on it each turn. State-based actions promptly neutralize both counters, allowing Putrid Goblin to die and persist all over again to mill your opponents out infinitely.