This insidious loop hinges on Jon Irenicus, Shattered One handing away Covetous Dragon at the end step, complete with a terrifying grant that explicitly states it can't be sacrificed. Because the dragon's controller happens to control no artifacts, Covetous Dragon's native upkeep-or-end-step trigger demands that it sacrifice itself, which directly contradicts the protection bestowed by Jon Irenicus, Shattered One. This creates an unyielding, mandatory interaction that instantly forces the game into a draw as the trigger endlessly repeats its futile attempt to sacrifice the creature.